Path Integrals and Entanglement with Kenneth Wharton

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Recorded: 2022/11/08 Released: 2022/12/18

Jim talks with Ken Wharton of San Jose State University about how to apply path integrals to situations to entangled particles. Being an equivalent way to compute amplitudes for different experiments, when applied to various experiments, Bell-type correlations, entanglement swapping, delayed choice experiments, and the triangle network, the mathematics gives the same correlations. But, the interpretation of a path integral - a Lorentz covariant description based on local paths - is very different than that of a traditional wave function - a non-local description of the effects of measurements. This leads to a tension in how to interpret entanglement in the first place.
------------------------------------------- Notes:

1. The article that we discussed in this program:

• Wharton, K. and R. Liu, "Entanglement and Path Integrals." Foundations of Physics 53, 23 (2023) [arXiv]
• Tyagi, N. nad K. Wharton, "Spacetime Path Integrals for Entangled Staes." Foundations of Physics 52 9 (2022) [arXiv]
• Wharton, K., "Towards and Realistic Parsing of the Feynman Path Integral." Quanta 5, 1 (2016). [arXiv]

2. Related papers that I read or Ken referred to in the podcast:

• Price, H. and K. Wharton, "Entanglement Swapping and Action at a Distance." Foundations of Physics, 51 105 (2021) [arXiv]
• Sorkin, R., "Quantum Mechanics as Quantum Measure Theory." Mod. Phys. Lett. 9 3119 (1994) [arXiv].

3. Books referred to in the program:

• Feynman, R. QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter. [Amazon] A great, non-technical introduction to quantum electrodynamics, and therefore path integrals. As an undergraduate I found it an inspiring text, and when I ran a book club at Xavier for the physics students, we always had a good time when it came around.
• Griffiths, R., Consistent Quantum Theory. [Amazon]. I have to confess that, although I bought a copy of this book after Randy and I did the episode on Consistent Histories, I have yet to read it.
• Mattuck, R., A Guide to Feynman Diagrams in the Many-Body Problem. [Amazon] This has the pinball-game description the sum-over-histories approach - before getting into the deepest, darkest forest of constructing Green's functions for probability amplitudes. Since it's a Dover book, the first couple of chapters alone are worth the price. Like I said, the transition from the pinball game to the quantum pinball game was a little too much for me as an undergraduate, but after the recording podcast I've been working through it, and it's really not so difficult -- as long as you're up on your basic non-relativistic quantum mechanics. The reason why the it was called "Feynman Diagrams for Idiots" by graduate students and, looking at the preface to the second addition, much worse by reviewers (especially Russian reviewers) is that it has lots of cartoons scattered throughout the book. These are actually jewels, and are a third reason to pick up this book, either at the physics library or the bookstore, not a reason to avoid it.
• Aharanov, A. and D. Rohrlich, Quantum Paradoxes: Quantum Theory for the Perplexed. [Amazon] Randy and I started our first podcast with this book. Partially because of that, I've read it three times, cover-to-cover. The Perimeter Institute gave a conference on the topic in 2016, "Concepts and Paradoxes in a Quantum Universe," which you can view either all contributions or just Aharonov's. I have all the talks on mp3 to play in the car (back when PIRSA allowed you to download the mp3's directly - I'm not bitter about the change [Yes I am]).

4. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers:

• Physics Frontiers 65: Time and Causality.
• Physics Frontiers 46: Wigner's Friend
• Physics Frontiers 44: Spooky Action at a Distance
• Physics Frontiers 33: Retrocausality
• Physics Frontiers 30: The Consistent Histories Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
• Physics Frontiers 13: Exotic Photon Trajectories in Quantum Mechanics

5. If you'd like to know more about Ken Wharton, I have some additional questions not about path integrals on YouTube. 5. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel, or Twitter account. These are also places to look for announcements of new episodes and the like. And if you could help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful.

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( Inflation Falsification ) Next →

Flavor Unification with Joe Davighi

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( Path Intgrals ) Next →

Recorded: 2022/08/23 Released: 2022/11/20

Jim talks with Joe Davighi about gauge flavor unification. Joe's work is on a set of gauge theories that unify the various generations of leptons at high energies. We discuss gauge symmetries, symmetry breaking, and so on, as well as some implications of his work including leptoquarks and proton stability.
------------------------------------------- Notes:

1. The article that we discussed in this program:

• Davighi, J., "Gauge Flavor Unification fron the Flavour Puzzle to Stable Protons." [arXiv]
• Davighi, J. and J. Tooby-Smith, "Electroweak Flavour Unification." JHEP 2022 193 (2022) [arXiv]
• Dahivghi, J., A. Greljo, and A.E. Thomsen, "Leptoquarks with Exactly Stable Protons." Phys. Lett. B 833, 137310 (2022). [arXiv]

2. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers:

• Physics Frontiers 58: The Higgs Portal.
• Physics Frontiers 52: Sterile Neutrinos
• Physics Frontiers 50: Sterile Neutrinos
• Physics Frontiers 35: The String Theory Landscape Theorem

3. The book I mention, Georgi's Lie Algebras in Particle Physics [Amazon]. 4. If you'd like to know more about Joe Davighi, I have some additional questions not about flavor unification on YouTube. 5. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel, or Twitter account. These are also places to look for announcements of new episodes and the like. And if you could help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful.

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( Path Intgrals ) Next →

Quantum Resource Theories with Gilad Gour

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( Flavor Problem ) Next →

Recorded: 2022/08/04 Released: 2022/09/25

Jim talks to Gilad Gour about Qunatum Resource Theories and partially ordered dynamics.
------------------------------------------- Notes:

1. The article that we discussed in this program:

• Gour, G. "On the Role of Quantum Coherence in Thermodynamics" (2022) [arXiv]
• Chitambar, E., and G. Gour, "Quantum Resource Theories." Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 025001 (2019). [arXiv]

2. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers:

• Physics Frontiers 62: Deformed Special Relativity.
• Physics Frontiers 57: Quantum Effects in Gravity Waves
• Physics Frontiers 53: The Positive Energy Theorem

3. If you'd like to know more about Gilad Gour, I have some additional questions not about quantum resource theories on YouTube. You can also visit his faculty bio at The University of Calgary. It says he's looking for graduate students. 4. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel, or Twitter account. These are also places to look for announcements of new episodes and the like. And if you could help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful.

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( Flavor Problem ) Next →

Optical Gravity with Matthew R. Edwards

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( Quantum Resource Theoires ) Next →

Recorded: 2022/07/20 Released: 2022/08/14

Jim talks to Matthew R. Edwards about optical gravity. Matthew's theory of gravity is a Le Sage model, one that envisions space-time as a dispersive medium made of graviton filaments.
------------------------------------------- Notes:

1. The article that we discussed in this program:

• Edwards, Matthew R., "Optical Gravity in a Graviton Spacetime" Optik 260, 169059 (2022) [arXiv]

2. Other articles mentioned in this program:

• Mansuripur, M., "Radiation Pressure and the Linear Momentum of the Electromagnetic Field." Opt. Express 12, 5375 (2004) [arXiv]
• Mansuripur, M., ", Resolution of the Abraham–Minkowski controversy." Opt. Comm. 283, 1997 (2010) [arXiv]
• Mansuripur, M., ", Resolution of the Abraham–Minkowski controversy." Opt. Comm. 283, 1997 (2010) [arXiv]

3. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers:

• Physics Frontiers 62: Deformed Special Relativity.
• Physics Frontiers 57: Quantum Effects in Gravity Waves
• Physics Frontiers 53: The Positive Energy Theorem

4. Books mentioned on the program:

• Pushing Gravity: New perspectives on Le Sage's theory of gravitation, Matthew R. Edwards (ed.), Amazon
• The Expanding Earth: Some Consequences of Dirac's Gravitation Hypothesis, Pasqual Jordan. Amazon

5. If you'd like to know more about Matthew Edwards, I have some additional questions not about optical gravity on YouTube. I ask him about his background, how he decides to research something, and his experiences in publishing. 6. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel, or Twitter account. These are also places to look for announcements of new episodes and the like. And if you could help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful.

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( Quantum Resource Theoires ) Next →

Limit of General Relativity with James Owen Weatherall

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( Unknown ) Next →

Recorded: 2022/05/19 Released: 2022/06/26

Jim talks to James Owen Weatherall of the University of California, Irvine about the conditions in which general relativity is likely to break down and a new theory is likely to be required.
------------------------------------------- Notes:

1. The article that we discussed in this program:

• Weatherall, J.O., "Where Does General Relativity Break Down?" (2022) [arXiv]

2. Other articles mentioned in this program:

• Defermos, M. and Luk, J., “The Interior of Dynamical Black Holes I: The C⁰ Stability of the Kerr Cauchy Horizon.” Pure Appl. Analysis 1, 263 (2019). [arXiv]

3. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers:

• Physics Frontiers 62: Deformed Special Relativity.
• Physics Frontiers 57: Quantum Effects in Gravity Waves
• Physics Frontiers 53: The Positive Energy Theorem
• Physics Frontiers 45: Loop Quantum Gravity
• Physics Frontiers 38: Why Is Space-Time Four Dimensional?
• Physics Frontiers 27: The Gravitational Equivalence Principles
• Physics Frontiers 17: The Physics of Time Travel

4. An excerpt from this interview in which I talk with Jim about how philosophers of physics interact with physicists is on YouTube. 5. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel, or Twitter account. These are also places to look for announcements of new episodes and the like. And if you could help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful.

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( Unknown ) Next →

Causality, Time and the Experiment Paradox

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( GR's Breakdown ) Next →

Recorded: 2022/03/21 Released: 2022/05/22

Jim talks to Michal Eckstein of the Coperincus Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on how two different ways to order events, that of chronology (this comes before that) and causality (this makes that happen) come together to define time. We then go on to discuss the Experiment Paradox, which pulls together a number of measurement paradoxes in physics.
------------------------------------------- Notes:

1. Michal Eckstein's articles we discussed in this program:

• Eckstein, M. and M. Heller, "Causality and Time Order -- Relativistic and Probabilistic Aspects." (2022) [arXiv]
• Eckstein, M. and P. Horodecki, “The Experiment Paradox in Physics.” Foundations of Science 27, 1 (2020). [arXiv]
• Eckstein, M., P. Horodecki, R. Horodecki, and T. Miller, "Operational Causality in Spacetime" Phys. Rev. A 101 042128 (2020). [arXiv]

2. Michal Eckstein's articles that we discussed in this program:

• Ehlers, J., F.A.E. Pirani, A. Schild, “The Geometry of Free Fall and Light Propagation [2012 Republication].” General Relativity: Papers in Honour of J. L. Synge, 63. (1972).
• Linnemann, N. and J. Read, "Constructive Axiomatics in Spacetime Physics Part I: Walkthrough to the Ehlers-Pirani-Schild Axiomatisation" (2021). [arXiv]
• Minguzzi, E. and M. Sanchez, "The Causal Heirarchy of Space Times." Recent Developments in Pseudo-Riemannian Geometry, 299 (2008). [arXiv]

3. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers:

• Physics Frontiers 62: Deformed Special Relativity.
• Physics Frontiers 46: Wigner's Friend
• Physics Frontiers 45: Loop Quantum Gravity
• Physics Frontiers 44: Spooky Action at a Distance
• Physics Frontiers 38: Why Is Space-Time Four Dimensional?
• Physics Frontiers 33: Retrocausality
• Physics Frontiers 30: The Consistent Hisotories Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
• Physics Frontiers 27: The Gravitational Equivalence Principles
• Physics Frontiers 17: The Physics of Time Travel
• Physics Frontiers 12: A Gravitational Arrow of Time
• Physics Frontiers 9: f(R) Theories of Gravity

4. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel, or Twitter account. These are also places to look for announcements of new episodes and the like. And if you could help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful.

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( GR's Breakdown ) Next → Sunday, April 24, 2022 Born's Rule ← Previous ( Gleason's Theorem ) ( Causality and Time ) Next → Recorded: 2022/01/18 Released: 2022/04/24 Jim discusses Gleason's Theorem with Blake C. Stacey of the University of Massachuesetts - Boston. Gleason's Theorem is a theorem in the foundations of quantum mechanics that, for a system meets some simple requirements, you can find a set of valid staes and a rule for calculating probailities, a la the Born Rule. This is the first part of the interview, the next will be on Blake's discussion of how people are trying to reformulate the Born Rule. ------------------------------------------- Notes: 1. Papers we both read for this program: Stacey, B., "On Two Recent Approaches to the Born Rule." (2021) [arXiv] L. Masanes, T. D. Galley and M. P. Müller, “The Measurement Postulates of Quantum Mechanics Are Operationally Redundant.” Nature Communications 10, 1361 (2019). [arXiv] Hossenfelder, S., "Gleason-Type Derivations of the Quantum Probability Rule for Generalized Measurements" Found. Phys. 34 193 (2004). [arXiv] 2. This series: Physics Frontiers 63: Gleason's Theorem. Physics Frontiers 64: Whence Born's Rule? Physics Frontiers 64a: The SICs [Subscribers only until 5/27/2022] 3. Blake Stacey's Book: Blake Stacey has written a book A First Course in the Sporatic SICs [Amazon]. This book details the use of the strange numbers that Blake and others are using to integrate learning from quantum information theory into quantum foundations. C'mon, it has a section entitled "Quantum Theory from Nonclassical Probability Meshing" -- you have to have it! 4. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers: Physics Frontiers 46: Wigner's Friend Physics Frontiers 44: Spooky Action at a Distance Physics Frontiers 13: Exotic Photon Trajectories in Quantum Mechanics 5. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel and if you can help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful. ← Previous ( Gleason's Theorem ) ( Causality and Time ) Next → Sunday, March 20, 2022 Gleason's Theorem ← Previous ( Deformed Relativity ) ( Born's Rule ) Next → Recorded: 2022/01/18 Released: 2022/03/20 Jim discusses Gleason's Theorem with Blake C. Stacey of the University of Massachuesetts - Boston. Gleason's Theorem is a theorem in the foundations of quantum mechanics that, for a system meets some simple requirements, you can find a set of valid staes and a rule for calculating probailities, a la the Born Rule. This is the first part of the interview, the next will be on Blake's discussion of how people are trying to reformulate the Born Rule. ------------------------------------------- Notes: 1. Papers we both read for this program: Gleason, A.M., "Measures on the Closed Subspaces of a Hilbert Space." Indiana Univ. Math. J. 6, 855 (1957). [arXiv] Stacey, B., "On Two Recent Approaches to the Born Rule." (2021) [arXiv] Busch, P., "Quantum States and Generalized Observables: A Simple Proof of Gleason’s Theorem." Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 120403 (2003) [arXiv] Hossenfelder, S., "Gleason-Type Derivations of the Quantum Probability Rule for Generalized Measurements" Found. Phys. 34 193 (2004). [arXiv] 2. Other papers one or the other of us read: Cabello, A. "Interpretations of Quantum Theory: A Map of Madness." What is Quantum Information?, 38 (2017). [arXiv] 3. Books mentioned in the discussion: David W. Cohen, An Introduction to Hilbert Space and Quantum Mechanics[Amazon] The book I found in a college book store in the 1990's. Short, written for mathemtics undergraduate students (at the upper division, high-end SLAC level), but also accessible to philosophy and physics students who can read math. Video review here. John von Neumann, Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics[Amazon] A classic text that started a lot of this quantum philosophy nonsense in the first place. Very difficult read. Michaal Neilson and Isaac Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.[Amazon] An early, well known book on quantum information. This is one of three technical books that I've had to replace because my original copy wandered off with a graduate student to postdocs unknown. John Bell, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics. [Amazon] This is a collection of essays by John Bell, some of which are very important, and others of which you might not think are important until you start reading the philosophy of physics literature. Blake mentioned two papers that I think are in this volume. One is "On the Einstein-Poldosky-Rosen Paradox," which was originally published in the small jounal below. 4. Physics-Physique-Fisika, the journal Blake Stacey mentioned in our discussion. 5. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers: Physics Frontiers 46: Wigner's Friend Physics Frontiers 44: Spooky Action at a Distance 6. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel and if you can help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful. ← Previous ( Deformed Relativity ) ( Born's Rule ) Next → Sunday, February 13, 2022 Deformed Special Relativity ← Previous ( Dark Stars ) ( Gleason's Theorem ) Next → Recorded: 2021/08/08 Released: 2022/02/13 Randy and Jim discuss first order corrections to special relativity in light of quantum gravity: deformed special relativity. What should happen to space time if a minimum length scale is introduced to special relativity? ------------------------------------------- Notes: 1. Papers we both read for this program: Amelino-Camelia, G., L. Friedel, J. Kowalski-Gikman, and L. Smolin, "The Principle of Relative Locality." Phys Rev. D 84, 084010 (2011). [arXiv] Hossenfelder, S., "The Box Problem in Deformed Special Relativity." (2009) [arXiv] Smolin, L., "Classical Paradoxes of Locality and Their Resolution in Deformed Special Relativity." Gen Relativ Gravit, 3671 (2011) [arXiv] Hossenfelder, S., "Comments on Nonlocality in Deformed Special Relativity" Phys Rev D 95> 084034 (2010). [arXiv] 2. Other papers one or the other of us read: Hossenfelder, S. "Minimal Length Scale Scenarios for Quantum Gravity." Living Reviews in Relativity 16, 2 (2013) [arXiv] R. Schtzhold, W. G. Unruh, "Large-Scale Non-Locality in ”Doubly Special Relativity” with an Energy-Dependent Speed of Light." JETP Lett. 78, 431 (2003). [arXiv] 3. Related Episodes of Physics Frontiers: Physics Frontiers 57: Quantum Effects in Gravitational Waves Physics Frontiers 45: Loop Quantum Gravity Physics Frontiers 42: Entropic Gravity Physics Frontiers 38: Why is Space-Time Four Dimensional? Physics Frontiers 30:The Consistent Histories Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics 4. Randy's obituary and my Patreon post on his death. 5. Please visit and comment on our subreddit, YouTube Channel and if you can help us keep this going by contributing to our Patreon, we'd be grateful. ← Previous ( Dark Stars ) < a href = https://physicsfm-frontiers.blogspot.com/2022/03/gleasons-theorem.html>( Gleason's Theorem ) Next → Subscribe to: Posts (Atom) About Me PhysicsFM Physics Frontiers is a podcast focusing on physics subjects, started in 2016 by Jim Rantschler and Randy Morrison. Jim Rantschler teaches physics at Texas A&M at Galveston. He has worked as an NRC postdoc at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a research professor at the University of Houston, and a Senior Principal Engineer at Western Digital. He previously taught at Xavier University of Louisiana. Randy Morrison is personally responsible for several of New Orleans' modern mysteries and involved in many others. 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